In a bowl, combine the shrimp with salt, black pepper, garlic powder, cumin, and cayenne pepper. Toss until evenly coated.
Heat a large pot or deep skillet over medium-high heat with a drizzle of olive oil. Add the shrimp in a single layer and cook for about 1–2 minutes per side, just until pink and cooked through. Remove the shrimp from the pan and set aside.
Cook the Pasta
Using the same pot or skillet, add another drizzle of olive oil if needed. Add the uncooked pasta, red onion, red bell pepper, Thai basil leaves, minced garlic, Thai red curry paste, chicken broth, coconut milk, fish sauce, and sugar. *If you prefer mild spice, reduce the red curry paste to 1 tablespoon.
Bring everything to a gentle boil over medium-high heat. Cook for 8-10 minutes, until the pasta is al dente and most of the liquid has reduced into a creamy sauce, stirring every few minutes so the pasta doesn't stick together.
Return the cooked shrimp to the pot and gently toss everything together. Squeeze in the fresh lime juice and taste. Adjust seasoning if needed.
Serve immediately with grated Parmesan cheese, extra Thai basil leaves, and more lime wedges.
Notes
*Note: this dish has medium spice level with 1 1/2 tbsp of Thai red curry paste. If you prefer mild spice, reduce the red curry paste to 1 tablespoon.